Rheumatoid
Arthritis is an immune-mediated disease. This means
it is caused by an overreaction of the immune system.
In rheumatoid arthritis the body mistakes some of its
own protein for foreign protein. It then makes antibodies
against its own protein. These unique antibodies are collectively
called the "
rheumatoid factor". The antibodies
and protein form immune complexes, which are then deposited
in the joint. These complexes trigger inflammation. With
rheumatoid arthritis, the body tries to rid itself of
the injurious immune complexes, but manages to only create
more damage to the joint. Eventually the cartilage and
even the bone in the joint are worn away.
The symptoms may be the same as with other forms of
arthritis. An animal with rheumatoid arthritis generally
has several joints affected. The animal is usually lame,
but not always. The lameness may be mild or very severe to
the point where the animal cannot walk. Sometimes the
lameness shifts from leg to leg. In some cases, the
lameness comes on suddenly and the animal also has a fever
and loss of appetite. At other times, the only symptom of
rheumatoid arthritis is stiffness. The joints affected are
swollen and painful. Some dogs with rheumatoid arthritis
also have kidney disease, enlarged lymph nodes,
tonsillitis and pneumonia.
The history and physical exam often lead a veterinarian
to suspect rheumatoid arthritis. X-rays, biopsies along
with the history of the pet and the physical exam are
all used to diagnose the disease. A special
blood test can be done to look for the rheumatoid factor.
The synovial fluid which is present in the joints of the
dog may be analyzed to show changes. Cells involved in
inflammation are present in large numbers, the fluid is
usually of a thinner consistency than normal and instead
of being clear, the fluid is cloudy.
Many treatment options are available. Anti-inflammatory
drugs such as buffered aspirin are often used. Sometimes
steroids such as prednisolone are used. Many
dog owners prefer using a product such as Free
& Easy to alleviate the rheumatoid arthritis.
Other options such as weight control and crate rest such
be used in conjunction with any treatment. You should
consult with your veterinarian before deciding on a course
of action with your dog.
